This South African study looked at 219 trauma patients who required damage control surgery and, not surprisingly, low GCS, low pH and elevated lactate all were independently associated with mortality.
References
Makhadi S, Kruger D, Nweke EE, Moeng MS. Independent predictors of mortality following damage control surgery in an academic trauma centre: A retrospective cohort study. Trauma. 2026;0(0). doi:10.1177/14604086261453624