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Title: Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions (IHR) to Radio Contrast Media (RCM)

Category: Pharmacology & Therapeutics

Keywords: iohexol, iodixanol, radio contrast media, immediate hypersensitivity reactions (PubMed Search)

Posted: 2/5/2011 by Bryan Hayes, PharmD

Many patients report an allergy to iodinated RCM, sometimes adding to the complexity of diagnostic decision making.  Here are a few pearls to help:

  • Seafood or shellfish allergy is NOT a risk factor for IHR to RCM
  • Iodine and iodide are small molecules that do NOT cause anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions
  • Life-threatening reactions occur in only 0.004 to 0.04 percent of nonionic low osmolality RCM infusions
    • Our radiology department uses primarily iohexol (Omnipaque) for IV contrast with a low osmolality of 844
    • Iodixanol (Visipaque) is the iso-osmotic alternative with an osmolality of 290

Bottom line: Despite the lack of cross reactivity with shellfish/iodine allergies AND the very low risk associated with today’s low osmolality agents, premedication is still indicated in patient’s with a history of IHR to RCM.

References



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