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- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is a rare, but true neurological emergency which is today associated with much lower mortality given heightened awareness about the condition.
- It typically initially begins with muscle rigidity resulting in rhabdomyolysis, followed by high fever, and delirium.
- Always check creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) and white blood cell levels when concerned about NMS, as these typically elevate in response to muscle breakdown.
- The following mnemonic (FEVER) serves as a reminder of the signs and symptoms associated with NMS:
F - Fever (anything over 100.4 F counts)
E - Encephalopathy
V - Vital signs instability
E - Enzymes elevation (i.e. CPK)
R - Rigidity of muscles