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This study looked at industry sponsored payments to EM physician through non-covered entities (ie not directly to physician or through an academic institution). It found a $100 million increase from 2015-23 in this payment model. It appears that private equity is not the only money entering emergency medicine in the past decade.

Total value of Industry-Sponsored Research Payments (ISRPs) by company. The 20 companies with highest total ISRPs awarded to emergency physician PIs.
References
Trends in Industry-Sponsored Research Payments to Emergency Medicine Principal Investigators
Rizer, Nicholas W et al.
Journal of Emergency Medicine, Volume 79, 21 - 30