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The recently published BICAR-ICU study looked at the use of bicarb in critically ill patients with severe metabolic acidemia...
- Multicenter, open-label, RCT, 26 French ICUs
- Adult patients with pH < 7.2 not secondary to hypercapnia, serum bicarb < 20 not due to bicarb wasting process
- SOFA score > 4 or lactate > 2
- No bicarb versus 4.2% sodium bicarb infusion titrated to pH >7.3
- Primary outcome: Composite measure of 28-mortality and presence of any organ failure at 7 days post-randomization
- Secondary outcomes: Need for/length of life support measures (renal-replacement, vasopressors, mechanical ventilation), SOFA score after enrollment, electrolyte effects, occurrence of ICU-acquired infections, and ICU length of stay
- Major findings:
- No difference in primary outcome overall
- No difference in pressor-free days, days off RRT, dialysis dependence at ICU discharge, ICU LOS
- Bicarb group had less need for RRT during ICU stay (35 vs 52%, p=0.0009)
- In patients with AKI and AKIN score 2-3*, the bicarbonate group had a decrease in both 28-day mortality (46 vs 63%, p=0.0166) and presence of any organ failure at day 7 (66 vs 82%, p=0.0142)
- Limitations:
- Unblinded
- A quarter of the control group actually received bicarb
- No data regarding vent settings, ABGs to r/o ventilation effects on pH
- 4.2% is not a standard concentration of bicarb used in the U.S.
Bottom Line:
Consider administration of sodium bicarbonate for your critically ill ED patients with severe metabolic acidosis and AKI, especially if acidosis &/or renal function is not improved with usual initial measures (such as IVF, etc).
*Acute Kidney Injury Network Staging Criteria
References
Jaber S, Paugam C, Futier E, et al. Sodium bicarbonate therapy for patients with severe metabolic acidaemia in the intensive care unit (BICAR-ICU): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2018;392(10141):31-40.