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Title: Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Part 2

Category: International EM

Keywords: B12 deficiency, ataxia, dementia, pernicious anemia (PubMed Search)

Posted: 1/4/2017 by Jon Mark Hirshon, MPH, MD, PhD

Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause significant disease, including severe neurologic problems. However, patient presentations can vary greatly.

Signs and symptoms can include:

  • Constitutional symptoms: fatigue, lack of energy, lightheadedness, loss of appetite
  • Gastrointestinal problems: diarrhea or constipation
  • Cardiovascular: shortness of breath, dyspnea on exertion, tachycardia, CHF
  • Oral lesions: swollen, red tongue (glossitis) or bleeding gums
  • Problems concentrating

Prolonged B12 deficiency can lead to significant neurologic complications, frequently related to the spinal cord, and can include:

  • Mild impairment to dementia
  • Depression, psychosis
  • Loss of balance, limb weakness, ataxia
  • Peripheral neuropathy (numbness and tingling of hands and feet)