Emergency Medicine

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Title: Giant Cell Myocarditis

Category: Cardiology

Posted: 6/28/2015 by Semhar Tewelde, MD (Updated: 3/3/2026)

Giant Cell Myocarditis

Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) is an infrequent, but often fatal form of acute myocarditis that has been shown to respond to cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive therapy

Even after heart transplantation GCM recurrence in the donor heart has been cited as high as 20% to 25%

Patients are surviving longer without transplantation because of efficacious medical therapy

A multi-institutional prospective data set revealed several novel findings in GCM:

·      Long-term immunosuppression appears capable of lengthening transplantation-free survival ~19 years beyond initial diagnosis

·      Cessation and/or reduction of immunosuppression are associated with GCM recurrence

·      Patients who developed cyclosporine associate renal failure were able to be switched to a sirolimus-based regimen

References

Maleszewski J, Orellana V, et al. Long-Term Risk of Recurrence, Morbidity and Mortality in Giant Cell Myocarditis. Am J Cardiol 2015;115:1733e1738