Search
In a patient with toxin-induced bradycardia and hypotension, here is a quick differential to help identify the responsible substance:
- Beta blockers
- Calcium channel blockers
- Cholinergics
- Clonidine (and other alpha-2 agonists)
- Digoxin (and other cardiac glycosides)
- Opioids
- Sedative hypnotics (such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates)
Less commonly seen causes include: magnesium, propafenone, and plant toxins (aconitine, andromedotoxin, veratrine).