Search
81-82 of 82 results by Rose Chasm
- An acute bacterial infection of a joint.
- Peak incidence in children is younger than 2 years of age.
- Risk factors:
- history of trauma
- preceding URI
- immunodeficiency
- hemoglobinopathy
- Diabetes.
- Age is the most important determinant of cause.
- In all age groups, S aureus is the primary organism accounting for more than 50% of cases.
- Among neonates, enteric gram-negative organisms and group B Streptococcus are the most frequent causes.
- Group A Streptococcus, S pneumoniae, and K kingae are common causes in children younger than 5 years old.
- Blood culture, joint fluid aspiration and analysis, gram stain, and culture of fluid is recommended.
- In pyogenic arthritis, the joint fluid is usually cloudy and has a leukocyte count of at least 50 x 10000/mcL, with a predominance of polymorphonuclear cells, low glucose concentrations, and high protein values.
- Treatment involves a combination of parenteral antibiotics, surgical drainage, and decompression of the affected joint.
- All children who have pyogenic arthritis of the hip or shoulder require prompt open surgical drainage and irrigation to prevent permanent joint damage as the increased intra-articular pressure can compromise blood flow resulting in avascular necrosis of the femoral or humeral head and predisposing the patient to dislocations.
- Open surgical drainage of other joints usually is not required.
Show References
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated infectious mononucleosis (IM)
Most commonly presenting clinical findings: fever, fatigue, exudative pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly.
Self-limited illness that lasts an average of 2 - 3 weeks.
Treatment is primarily supportive. Use of ampicillin, amoxicillin, or penicillin during the acute phase not indicated and may result in the development of a morbilliform rash, which studies have suggested may occur in more than 50% of the cases. Antiviral therapy is not recommended. Splenic rupture occurs in about 1 - 2:1000 cases. Therefore, avoidance of activities that increase the risk for injury is recommended until splenomegaly has resolved.